Sara Armella

Sara Armella

She earned her law degree in 1993, graduating with honors and distinction, and has been a member of the Bar Association since 1996. From 1993 to 2008, she practiced law alongside Prof. Victor Uckmar, for whom she taught at the University of Genoa for many years, where she also earned her Ph.D. in 1999.

In 2008, he founded Studio Armella & Associati, with offices in Milan and Genoa, which has been ranked by leading independent surveys among the top law firms in Italy in the fields of tax law, international trade law, and customs law.

Member of the Commission of Experts on Customs Matters, appointed by Deputy Minister of Finance Maurizio Leo for the implementation of tax reform.

Member of the Board of the International Customs Law Academy (ICLA), which comprises 100 experts worldwide; since 2023, he has also been a member of the ICLA Board
Chair of the Customs & Trade Facilitation Commission of the Italian Section of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), and Italian delegate to the corresponding ICC Global Commission.
Lecturer in customs law at Bocconi University, the University of Milan, and La Sapienza University of Rome in master’s and postgraduate programs; he is an adjunct professor at ICE.
Speaker at numerous international conferences organized by the WCO (World Customs Organization), the International Customs Law Academy (ICLA), and the European Commission.
He is the author of the monographs “Customs Law of the European Union” (Egea-Bocconi University, 2017) and “EU Customs Code” (Bocconi University Press, 2017).

He is the author of the entry “Customs Duties” in the Treccani Legal Encyclopedia, as well as over one hundred articles in national and international academic journals (including *Global Trade and Customs Journal*, *Diritto e pratica tributaria*, *Corriere tributario*, and *Rivista di diritto tributario*).

He is a member of Confindustria’s Customs and International Trade Working Group.

Scientific Director of Arcom Formazione, a professional development school for businesses and professionals.
Together with other leading international firms, he founded Green Lane, an association of independent firms specializing in international trade law and customs.

Since September 2025, he has served as President of the Palazzo Ducale Foundation in Genoa.

He has served as an independent director of leading companies, including publicly traded ones, as chairman of the board of statutory auditors of Fondazione Enasarco, and as a member of the Board of Directors at the Bank of Italy’s Genoa branch.

Publications

Monographs

  • European Union Customs Law, Egea Bocconi, Milan, 2017
  • EU Customs Code, BUP, Milan, 2017
  • Customs Law, Egea Bocconi, Milan, 2015

Collaborations on institutional projects

  • European Union Customs Law, in *Derecho aduanero*, Vol. II, edited by German Pardo Carrero, coordinated by S. Ibáñez Marsilla and F.M. Yebra, published by the University of Rosario and Tirant Lo Blanch, Bogotá, 2020;
  • Customs duties, in the Treccani Legal Encyclopedia, Rome, 2015;
  • Tax Profiles and the Customs System, in VAT, Memento Ipsoa-Francis Lefebvre, Ipsoa, Milan, 2011–2020 ed.; The Territoriality of Inheritance and Gift Tax, in The Notary’s Profession and Relations with the Tax Authorities, Altalex, 2014;
  • The Fight Against Tax Evasion, in Tax Legislation in Court Rulings and the New Legislative Session, Cedam, Padua, 2007;
  • Bank investigations, in *Code of Tax Inspections*, Celt, 2005;
  • Customs Audit, in *Code of Tax Inspections*, Celt, 2005;
  • Customs Duties in *International Tax Law*, edited by V. Uckmar, Cedam, Padua, 3rd ed., 2005;
  • Customs Duties. European Union, in *Taxes on International Trade*, edited by V. Uckmar, A. Altamirano, and H. Torres, Buenos Aires, 2003;
  • VAT Territoriality, in *Guide to Reading Tax Case Law*, edited by G. Visentini, Giuffrè, Milan, 2003; VAT Taxable Persons, in *Guide to Reading Tax Case Law*, edited by G. Visentini, Giuffrè, Milan, 2003;
  • The Right to Information in Customs Matters, in *The Right to Request a Ruling: Tax Rulings, EU Customs Information, and the Taxpayer Bill of Rights*, edited by G. Rebora, R. Ruffini, and G. Terracciano, De Agostini Professionale, Rome, 2001;
  • Tax entries from the series *I contratti*, Ipsoa, Milan, 1995–2006;
  • Tax references, in *Contracts 2001* (edited by various authors), edited by V. Cuffaro, Ipsoa, Milan, 2001;
  • Studies on the Constitutions and Tax Legislation of Russia and Luxembourg, in *The Processes of Law Formation*, a strategic and targeted project of the National Research Council (CNR), coordinated by Prof. Piera Filippi;
  • “The Tax Treatment of Indivisible Reserves,” in *The Cooperative Society: Civil and Tax Aspects*, edited by G. Schiano di Pepe and F. Graziano, Cedam, Padua, 1997;
  • "Demergers," in Various Authors, *Corporate Tax Law*, vol. IV of the series *Theoretical and Practical Treatise on Corporations*, edited by G. Schiano di Pepe, Ipsoa, Milan, 1997.

Articles

  • Brexit: What’s Changing in VAT, 2021;
  • For a customs audit, an OLAF report on potential violations is not sufficient, in GT—Journal of Tax Law, 2021;
  • Brexit: Possible Scenarios for Relations Between the European Union and the United Kingdom, in *Corr. trib.*, 2020;
  • Excluding the punitive nature of anti-dumping duties, in *Corr. trib.*, 2020;
  • Royalties are taxed only if there are factual indicators of the licensor’s control, in GT, 2020;
  • VAT Liability for International Services Provided at Ports and Airports, in *VAT*, 2020;
  • The collection of customs duties is unlawful if the Commission annuls the assessment, in L’Iva, 2020;
  • Customs Penalty Regulations: National Law vs. European Principles, in Riv. dir. trib., 2020;
  • The new excise tax regulations, in *L’Iva*, 2020;
  • Customs duties and import VAT: separate tax bases according to the European Court of Justice, in Riv. dir. trib., 2020;
  • The indirect representative is not liable for import VAT, in *Corr. trib.*, 2020;
  • WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation (TFA): General Rules on the Simplification, Harmonization, and Modernization of Administrative Procedures, in Global Trade and Customs Journal, 2019;
  • Evidence of the Non-Taxability of Intra-Community Transactions: Between Case Law and the 2020 Reform, in GT—Journal of Tax Law, 2019;
  • Anti-dumping duty is unlawful if the right to a fair hearing is violated, in *Corr.trib.*, 2019;
  • The payment notice is valid if the preliminary notice was properly served, in GT-Journal of Tax Jurisprudence, 2019;
  • An improperly claimed and unused VAT credit does not constitute a mere technical violation, in GT—Journal of Tax Jurisprudence, 2019;
  • The pre-assessment hearing is once again under review by the Court of Justice of the European Union, in *Corr.trib.*, 2018;
  • Trademarks and Royalties: Conditions for Customs and VAT Taxability, in *Corr.trib.*, 2018;
  • Determination of Customs Value and the Role of Databases, in *Corr. trib.*, 2018;
  • Tax Cooperation Among EU Countries and Taxpayer Protection, in *Corr. trib.*, 2017;
  • The general charges of the electricity system are classified as indirect taxes, in *Corr. trib.*, 2017;
  • Passive Liability for Customs Liabilities under the New UCC, in *Corr. trib.*, 2017;
  • The regulations on tax monitoring apply only “prospectively.” Limits on the admissibility of the Falciani list, in GT, 2017;
  • Statute of limitations for customs assessments and decriminalization, in *Corr. trib.*, 2016;
  • Is the administrative suspension of customs enforcement subject to a security deposit lawful?, in Corr. trib., 2016;
  • Customs Compliance Tools in Light of the New Union Code, in *Corr. trib.*, 2016;
  • The New Union Customs Code: Changes to the Rules on Customs Value, in *Corr. trib.*, 2016;
  • An OLAF report alone does not justify a customs investigation, in *L’Iva*, 2016;
  • The main changes in the new Union Customs Code, in *Corr. trib.*, 2016;
  • Admissibility of the Vaduz List and Illegally Obtained Evidence in Tax Proceedings, in Corr. trib., 2016;
  • Report of an offense and the statute of limitations for customs assessments, in *Corr. trib.*, 2016;
  • The tax authorities recognize transfer pricing values for customs purposes as well, in *Corr. trib.*, 2016;
  • “Is the ‘esterovestizione’ rule applicable to structures that are not ‘purely artificial’?”, in Corr. trib., 2016;
  • The Supplier’s Liability in Cases of Fraud by a Regular Exporter, in L’Iva, 2016;
  • Tax returns with multiple taxpayers: offsetting is permitted for the calculation of penalties, in L’Iva, 2016;
  • Expanded cases for deferral of the “exit tax,” in *Corr. trib.*, 2015;
  • “Virtual” use of the VAT deposit: the Court of Cassation radically changes its position, in *Corr. trib.*, 2015;
  • “Anti-dumping” duties: cases of refunds, in *Corr. trib.*, 2015;
  • "Use of the Falciani list for tax audits permitted, but it constitutes mere circumstantial evidence," in *Corr. trib.*, 2015;
  • “Cumulative” letters of intent in customs matters, in *Corr. trib.*, 2015;
  • The customs “status” of “containers” is decisive for territoriality, in *Corr. trib.*, 2015;
  • The “first sale price” method: legitimate savings on customs duties, in *Corr. trib.*, 2015;
  • Direct representation at Customs also for the domiciled procedure, in *Corr. trib.*, 2015;
  • "An End to the Controversy Over Subjectivity," in GT, 2015;
  • Import Quotas and Restrictions in Russia, in L’Iva, 2015;
  • Recent applications of the rules on preferential origin, in L’Iva, 2015;
  • Customs declarations: non-adjustable errors, in L’Iva, 2015;
  • Customs Audits and the Preliminary Hearing, in L’Iva, 2015;
  • The Classification Regulations do not apply retroactively, in L’Iva, 2015;
  • VAT deductibility arising from subjectively non-existent invoices if there is good faith, in *L’Iva*, 2015;
  • Customs duties: collection without time limits, but not retroactive, in L’Iva, 2015;
  • No blacklist penalties if the company files an amended return, in Tax News, 2014;
  • Customs: Doubts Regarding the New Rules on Collection During Litigation, in *Corr. trib.*, 2014;
  • "The indirect representative is not liable for import VAT," in *VAT*, 2014;
  • The Effects of the “Equoland” Ruling on the VAT Treatment of “Royalties,” in Corr. trib., 2014;
  • Recent developments in case law regarding double taxation, in L’Iva, 2014;
  • Purchase and sale commissions and the customs value of goods, in *VAT*, 2013;
  • Online Sales: Parties Liable for Non-Payment of Customs Duties, in L’Iva, 2013;
  • Administrative cooperation regarding excise taxes, in *L’Iva*, 2013;
  • The “new” authority of the Customs Service does not have retroactive effect, in L’Iva, 2013;
  • Developments and Issues Regarding the Right to an Excise Tax Credit, in L’Iva, 2013;
  • Interpretive notes on the inward processing regime, in L’Iva, 2013;
  • The Right to an Advance Hearing in Customs Matters, in L’Iva, 2013;
  • The Use of Wiretaps in Tax Proceedings and the Delicate Balance with the Right to a Defense and the Principle of Due Process, in GT, 2013;
  • The Difficulty of Defending Against the Enforceability of Correction Orders Issued by the Customs Agency, in *Corr. trib.*, 2013;
  • The Offense of Smuggling and the Unity of VAT, in *Corr. trib.*, 2013;
  • "Competitive prices and timely deliveries justify blacklisting costs," in *Corr. trib.*, 2013;
  • Effects of the Double Taxation Convention between Italy and San Marino, in *Corr. trib.*, 2013;
  • Alternative export documentation to the SAD and exit records, in *Corr. trib.*, 2013;
  • Recent developments in case law regarding double taxation, in L’Iva, 2012;
  • Measures to protect against dumping practices, in L’Iva, 2012;
  • The criteria for granting AEO status are being tightened: stricter requirements for economic operator status, in L’Iva, 2012;
  • Territorial jurisdiction of the Customs Agency and the illegality of assessment notices, in L’Iva, 2012;
  • Violations of the “Made in Italy” label and new powers for Chambers of Commerce, in L’Iva, 2012;
  • Can the regular exchange of information between states remedy the original illegality of the Falciani list? In *Corr. trib.*, 2012;
  • Shipping Costs: Customs Regulations and VAT, in *VAT*, 2012;
  • Measures to protect against “dumping” practices, in L’Iva, 2012;
  • The criteria for granting AEO status are being tightened: more vehicles required for economic operator status, in L’Iva, 2012;
  • “Exit Tax”: Taxation of unrealized capital gains suspended until actual realization, in *Corr. trib.*, 2012;
  • Taxation of dividends based on the recipient’s actual residence, in *Corr. trib.*, 2012;
  • The extension of the time limits for tax assessments does not apply if no criminal complaint has been filed, in *Corr. trib.*, 2012;
  • Strengthening of Customs Investigations and a New Penalty System, in L’Iva, 2012.
  • “Waived” tax years for VAT purposes, extension of time limits, and statute-barred offenses, in *Corr. trib.*, 2012;
  • “Exit tax”: taxation of unrealized capital gains suspended until actual realization, in *Corr. trib.*, 2012;
  • Uncertainty regarding the criminal relevance of the abuse of rights and the doubling of time limits, in *Corr. trib.*, 2012;
  • The customs value of goods in intra-group transactions, in *L’Iva*, 2012;
  • Critical Aspects of the Abuse of Rights in Indirect Taxation, in *Corr. trib.*, 2012;
  • Failure to submit a security deposit under the VAT group scheme cannot be penalized in the same way as tax evasion, in GT, 2011;
  • Place of taxable transactions: EU definitions require a revision of domestic law, in *Corr. trib.*, 2011;
  • For cooperatives with a predominantly mutualist structure: “2010 tax audits” without the use of sector-specific studies, in *Corr. trib.*, 2011;
  • The concept of residence for VAT purposes does not correspond to that used for direct tax purposes, in *Corr. trib.*, 2011;
  • New rules regarding the determination of the customs origin of goods, in L’Iva, 2011;
  • Taxpayer Protection: Advance Rulings and Binding Interpretations, in L’Iva, 2011;
  • Tax Warehouses for VAT Purposes: Unresolved Issues, in *L’Iva*, 2011;
  • New guidelines on the provisional suspension of customs assessments, in L’Iva, 2011;
  • VAT Requirements: Unresolved Issues, in *L’Iva*, 2011;
  • Place of taxable transactions: EU definitions require a revision of domestic law, in *Corr. trib.*, 2011;
  • New VAT territoriality and rules on non-taxability, in L’Iva, 2011;
  • The concept of residence for VAT purposes does not correspond to that used for direct tax purposes, in *Corr. trib.*, 2011;
  • For cooperatives with a predominantly mutualist structure: “2010 tax audits” without the use of sector-specific studies, in *Corr. trib.*, 2011;
  • Customs clarifications on the new export rules, in L’Iva, 2011;
  • “Emissions trading” transactions: legal classification affects territoriality, in Corr. trib., 2011;
  • The Supreme Court broadens the scope of the offense of import VAT evasion, in GT, 2011;
  • Importer Liability in Cases of Inaccurate Certificates of Origin, in L’Iva, 2011;
  • Place of taxable transactions: the definitions require a revision of domestic law, in *Corr. trib.*, 2011;
  • Liability Profiles of Customs Brokers, in L’Iva, 2011;
  • Failure to file a security deposit in a group VAT return cannot be penalized in the same way as tax evasion, in GT, 2011;
  • Customs assessment notices issued without a preliminary hearing are invalid, in L’Iva, 2011;
  • The statute of limitations for customs assessments, in L’Iva, 2010;
  • The customs value of goods and royalties, in *VAT*, 2010;
  • “Is Import VAT Distinct and Independent from Domestic VAT?”, in Corr. trib., 2010;
  • "Are sector-specific studies applicable to cooperatives?", in *Corr. trib.*, 2010;
  • In the customs sector, a restrictive ruling by the Court of Cassation, in GT, 2010;
  • The Statute of Limitations on Customs Liabilities and the Need to Harmonize EU Regulations with National Laws, in GT, 2009;
  • Good faith of the importer and liability for invalid certificates, in GT, 2007;
  • Second Budget Law: Establishment of the Financial Transactions Registry, in *Dir. prat. trib.*, 2006;
  • Reflections on the composition with creditors and tax assessment reform, in *Corr.trib.*, 2003;
  • "A customs authority’s error precludes the recovery of duties," in Dir.prat.trib.int., 2003;
  • Proof of export. Important clarifications from the Customs Agency, in *Corr.trib.*, 2003;
  • The Concept of Residence in EU and Domestic Law, in *Corr.trib.*, 2002;
  • "Proof of Export," in *L’Iva*, 2002;
  • Problematic aspects regarding the application of customs penalty regulations, in *Corr.trib.*, 2001;
  • The VAT regime for port and airport services, in *Corr.trib.*, 2001;
  • Interpretive criteria regarding the territoriality of VAT on the provision of services, in *Corr.trib.*, 2001;
  • Notes on the Concept of Customs Duties in Domestic and International Law, in Riv.dir.trib., 2001;
  • Brief notes on the compatibility of indirect taxes with EU regulations on VAT and excise taxes and on the recovery of overpaid taxes, in Riv.dir.trib., 2000;
  • The VAT regime for e-commerce, in Dir.prat.trib., 1999;
  • The concept of economic activity for VAT purposes, in Dir.prat.trib., 1999;
  • The VAT Treatment of Leasing Transactions Involving Means of Transport Within the European Union, in Riv.dir.trib., 1998;
  • The VAT Treatment of Arbitration Services, in Dir.prat.trib., 1998;
  • The VAT regime for travel agencies, in *Riv. dir. trib.*, 1997;
  • The VAT regime for the transport of goods and passengers in international and intra-Community contexts, in Dir. prat. trib., 1997;
  • According to the Court of Justice, even a copy of the purchase invoice is sufficient to justify a VAT deduction, in *Riv. dir. trib.*, 1997;
  • Comments on taxes having equivalent effect, the prohibition of discrimination, and the recovery of overpayments, in *Riv. dir. trib.*, 1996;
  • Property Tax in Cases of Surface Rights, in *Dir. prat. trib.*, 1996;
  • The European Court of Justice rules that default interest on VAT due upon final importation is unjustified, in Dir. prat. trib., 1996;
  • The tax treatment of the provision of services passes the test of the European Court of Justice, in Dir.prat.trib., 1996;
  • The Reserves of Cooperative Societies and Article 12 of Law No. 904 of 1977, in *Dir. prat. trib.*, 1996;
  • The ransom paid for the release of the kidnapped “manager” is not tax-deductible, in Dir. prat.trib., 1995;
  • Retroactive Taxation of Expropriation Compensation: Issues of Interpretation and Doubts Regarding Constitutional Legitimacy, in Dir. prat. trib., 1995;
  • Case law, administrative, and doctrinal guidelines on insurance tax, in Dir. prat. trib., 1994;
  • Exceeding the customs value limit: what are the penalties?, in Dir. prat. trib., 1994;
  • On the deduction of the improvement contribution from the Invim, in *Dir. prat. trib.*, 1993.

Information

  • Name:

    Sara Armella
  • Role:

    Founder
  • Qualification:

    Founder of Studio Armella
  • Skills:

    Tax Law
  • Languages:

    English, French
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